本章重點包括：

一、什麼是君子？什麼是聖人？

學而篇不少內容都講好學，好學要從充實品德開始，並且慢慢了解人生經營的方向，懂得從自己和家庭做起，充實領導他人的學問跟能力，邁向社會，幫助國家走上正軌，使人民過生活的快樂，生命充滿意義，這就是君子，是儒家入世最高的成就；出世最高的要求是聖人。君子的內涵跟聖人的見地，兩者結合就成為至聖，所以孔子稱為大成至聖先師。

二、君子的志向與生活

君子的生活不貪圖享受，君子的志向是培養自己的能力與品德，要服務大眾。所以他當然不在乎美食或豪宅。

三、君子辦事敏捷有成效

「敏於事」就是對事情能夠審慎觀察，而且很有悟性，很快地知道事情該怎麼辦。因為他經過了深思熟慮，並且有豐富的知識背景。

四、君子言語謹慎

言語說到就要做到，言語也不得罪小人，言語能表達內心的體悟，言語能安撫對方的情緒，有太多功效，所以言語要謹慎。

五、辦事要找懂局的人

「就有道而正焉」，就是辦事情一定要找懂局的人。

學而篇第十四章白話解釋

【經文】

子曰：君子食無求飽，居無求安，敏於事而慎於言，就有道而正焉，可謂好學也已。

【白話解釋】

孔子說：求學修道的君子吃飯不求吃飽，居住不求安穩，因為他所求的道，比吃飯、居住更為重要，樂在道上，安心求學，自然就沒有心思放在食衣住行上面。其次君子做事要敏捷，決定好的事情就要立即去實行，但事先要審慮周詳，說話要謹慎，慎言可使自己守信合義。而君子所學若有疑問，則要去請問有道德有專長的人，或懂局的人，求其指正。照以上所說而行，可以說是好學了。

【章旨】

此章述好學形象，既是好學者則無暇顧及物質生活之安飽。

《論語講要》原文

此章要義在講好學。

「君子食無求飽，居無求安。」鄭康成注：「學者之志，有所不暇也。」君子是求學求道的人。君子所求者，比食居更重要。所以，食無求飽，居無求安，專心求學。

「敏於事而慎於言。」敏字，孔安國作疾速講，焦循論語補疏作審慎講，劉氏正義兼採兩說。君子做事要敏捷，但事先要審慮周詳。君子說話謹慎，是為慎於言。慎言可使其守信合義。

「就有道而正焉。」有道，是有道德而學有專長之人。君子所學如有疑問，則去請問有道德有專學的人，求其指正。

「可謂好學也已。」照以上所說而行，可以說是好學了。

English

Teacher Tang Yuling will accompany you to read The Analects

15.Book 1 Xue er (On Learning), Chapter 14

The Master said, “He who aims to be a man of complete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the company of men of principle that he may be rectified -- such a person may be said indeed to love to learn.”

Highlights of this lecture include:

1. What is a junzi (a man of complete virtue)?  What is a Shengren (Sage)?

  Many chapters in Book Xue er are on learning and studies. Persons love to learn will self-cultivate to build their personality by moral training; then develop a direction for life-long pursuit. At home, they cultivate themselves in knowledge and capacities to become better persons. Well-preparing themselves to serve the society and take up office to lead a country in a correct direction; a direction which aims at common well-being, allowing people to lead a meaning life. This is what a junzi will do to serve in the secular world. Junzi is also considered the highest status of Confucian worldly ideal. The uppermost attainment that a person can achieve in Confucianism is the status of shenren who is divinely inspired. Confucius possesses both the qualities of junzi and shenren—to be ethically virtuous with all-round abilities and insightfully inspiring. That is why Confucius is honored the posthumous name of the “Perfect Sage who is most accomplished and illustrious and virtuously all-complete” by the court.

2. Junzi’s ambition and life

  Junzi or a gentleman of all virtues will not indulge himself in earthly pleasure. Instead, he harbors far-reaching ambitions of cultivating his own ability and virtue for one day to serve people. He definitely doesn’t care about tantalizing tastes of food or dwelling in luxurious mansion.

3. Junzi or a gentleman of complete virtue is earnest, quick-witted and productive in what he is doing

  Junzi “is earnest in what he is doing,” --dexterous and agile in work at hand. He observes well and take care on his steps. At the same time, a junzi can be savvy enough to make quick and proper responses. His rich background in knowledge, and his earnestness allows him to have the matter well thought out beforehand.

4. Junzi or a gentleman of complete virtue is careful in his speech

  Words are said to be done. Does not offend a narrow-minded nobody (xiaoren; petty man) by your words. Words can express inner feelings and thinking, help to calm people down, and have so many goods and different effects, so mind one’s languages used.

5. To find someone who understands the overall situation be your teammate

  “He frequents the company of men of principle that he may be rectified” means that if a junzi were to finish a task or has a plan to accomplish, one better choose to hand pick those who has moral principle and has expertise in understanding the overall situation. So that when problems arise, these teammates-expertise can be consulted to find out measures solving the problems.