本章課程重點包括：

一、溫習所學，並學習新知

「溫故知新」可以有三種解法，第一種是舊的要溫習，新的要學習。雪廬老人是一位「博古通今」之人，博古包括六經、古代的風俗、歷史的演變；通今是他了解時代的發展、各種領域的內涵，如此可以引導自己，也可以引導他人走向康莊大道。

二、溫習所學，能體會新意

第二種「溫故知新」，是複習舊的學問，可以生出很多新的意思。一方面可能是因為「書讀千遍，其意自現」；另一方面也可能是因為，學習了其它領域的知識，所以在溫習的時候，產生了很多新的體會。

三、將溫故知新當成座右銘

第三種的「溫故知新」，是把這句話當成我們的座右銘。所謂「日知其所亡，月無忘其所能」，有這樣的座右銘，真正是可以好好的引導自己。

為政篇第十一章白話解釋

 【經文】

子曰：溫故而知新，可以為師矣。

【白話解釋】

解法一：

孔子說：已經讀過的書，加以溫習讀誦思維。尚未讀過的書，現在研讀，以求了解書中所載的事理。隨時吸收新知，而又研究已得之學，如此好學，可以為人師。

解法二：

孔子說：學能時時溫習過去所聽聞，而每每有新的意思出來，愈溫習愈產生新義，推陳出新，則所學在我，學問的應用不會窮盡，故可以為人師。

解法三：

溫故知新這句話可以作為我的座右銘，依此座右銘在日常中實行，則所學日益充實，這句座右銘可以當我的老師。

【章旨】

此章明為師之難。

《論語講要》原文

溫，就是溫習。皇侃疏說：「故，謂所學已得之事。新，謂即時所學新得者。」例如讀書，已經讀過的書，再加讀誦思維，古人叫做溫書，也就是溫故。尚未讀過的書，現在研讀，以求了解書中所載的事理，即是知新。溫故知新，隨時吸收新知，而又研究已得之學。如此好學，可以為人師。

又如朱子說：「故者，舊所聞。新者，今所得。言學能時習舊聞，而每有所得，則所學在我，而其應不窮，故可以為人師。」此說是由溫故而發明新義。亦可採取。

English

Teacher Tang Yuling will accompany you to read The Analects

28.Book 2 Wei Zheng (Of Governance), Chapter 11
 

The Master said, “If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others”

Highlights of this lecture include:

1. To cherish the old knowledge and acquire the new

  There are three ways to explain “to cherish old knowledge so as to acquire the new”: The first way is to revise the old learning so as to remember the lessons well and start to learn new knowledge as well. Master Xuelu possessed a wide knowledge of things ancient and modern. He was proficient in ancient studies such as the Six Classics, customs and history. He also had profound understanding in modern developments of various fields and their implications. Knowing olds and news, he had the right direction to push himself forward; and acted as the likely prospect and source of inspiration and guidance others to look for. To be able to teach others one must base on those previously learned and continually develop things new.

2. To gain insights through restudying old lessons

  The second way is to restudy the old lessons learned thus develop new understandings or uncover different aspects and meanings of the learned subjects or materials. It might like an old saying, “the gist of an article will come to you after you have read it over 100 times;” or new insights might emerged after learning new disciplines and had new experiences.

3. Take “cherishing old knowledge…and…acquiring new” as a motto

  This adage as the motto for people love to learn. As another [Book 19 Zi Zhang] chapter [5] of The Analects says, “From day to day, he recognizes what he has not yet, and from month to month does not forget what he has attained to.” Improving ourselves always indicate a real love of learning. By learning “day after day,” ones get to know their deficiencies, by restudying “month after month,” ones could learned and remembered well of those learned previously. “Cherishing old knowledge…and…acquiring new” as a motto is a guidance provided for learner training.