本集課程重點包括：

一、分清楚君子與小人的形象

      《論語》中有許多章在談君子跟小人，可以看出小人以及君子的形象，藉此幫助我們反省、進德修業，避免自己成為小人，還可以在日用平常裡，使自己親近君子、遠離小人，真正是趨吉避凶、保護自己並且找到出路。

二、君子有公心，小人只有私心

      「周」就是說君子是一個有公心的人，「比」就是說小人只有私心。雪廬老人說，論人取才要先論公心，否則能力越大越可怕。

三、君子和合團隊，小人結黨營私

      「周」就是和合，「比」就是偏於自黨，君子能夠跟大家和合，小人則是偏於自黨，對他有利的他會特別的喜歡，對他沒有利的，他會特別的排擠，這是君子跟小人的第二個差別。

四、君子忠信，小人不忠不信

      第三個解釋，君子周，就是想要忠信；小人比，就是只想維護自己，不忠不信。

五、君子合乎義理，小人講究私利

      第四種講法，君子是合乎義理，因為義理是一個普世價值；小人則講究私人利益。

為政篇第十四章白話解釋

【經文】

子曰：君子周而不比，小人比而不周。

【字詞解釋】

周：為公。

比：ㄅㄧˋ，偏私。

【白話解釋】

解法一

      孔子說：有德的君子辦事為公而不為私。平時修養，亦是去其私心，存其公心。小人辦事，為私而不為公，無事時，心中所想的是有私無公。

解法二

      孔子說：有德的君子常行忠信，而不私相結黨營私，小人則是常私相結黨營私，不忠不信。

【章旨】

      此章明君子小人之分，即在公私二字。

《論語講要》原文

      此章所說的君子小人，是就品德而言。君子是有德之人，小人是無德之人。周比二字，古注或作公私講，或作義利講，或作普遍與偏黨講。今依公私講法。公就是周，私就是比。君子辦事，為公，而不為私。平時修養，亦是去其私心，存其公心。此即周而不比。小人辦事，為私，而不為公。無事時，心中所想的，也是有私無公。此即比而不周。公是公平正直，私則與此相反。分辨君子與小人，即在公私二字。

      此章古注，孔安國說：「忠信為周，阿黨為比。」皇疏：「周是博遍之法，故謂為忠信。比是親狎之法，故謂為阿黨。」皇疏又引孫綽說：「理備故稱周，無私故不比。」邢疏說，孔注忠信為周，是國語魯語之文。劉氏正義引呂氏春秋達鬱篇注：「阿，曲媚也。」劉氏說：「阿黨與忠信相反，正君子小人性情之異。」

English

Teacher Tang Yuling will accompany you to read The Analects 31

31. Book 2 Wei Zheng (Of Governance), Chapter 14

The Master said, “The superior man is catholic and not partisan. The mean man is partisan and not catholic.”

Highlights of this lecture include:

1.  To distinguish between Junzi and Xiaoren clearly

  There are many chapters of The Analects referred to the differences between a superior man (Junzi) and inferior man (xiaoren). They have disparate images as reflections of differences in their moral standards. Knowing the differences between the two will help us to reflect on ourselves and in the pursue of moral advancement; to avoid become an inferior person as that of xiaoren; to pick junzi as close friends and be away from xiaoren. Then, this is the most effective method to protect ourselves from evil adversities and brings us lucks while opening a wide opportune course for our better future.

2. Junzi loves to serve public goods and xiaoren focuses on self-interest seeking

  周 which pronouns as “zhou” means the superior man junzi would choose to altruistically benefitting other as his own expenses. A xiaoren is always focused on 比 which pronouns as “bi” which means self-seeking interests. Master Xuelu commented that a person of great competency should be chosen to serve the country for his selflessness. A competent and selfish person can be a disaster for the nation. 

3. Junzi can facilitate team harmony, while xiaoren gangs up for selfish purposes

  “Zhou周” is harmony; “bi比” is partial to the party member in favor. A junzi can facilitate harmony among all the members and teams in the community, while xiaoren is partial, only favored his own party which served his own interest. Xiaoren is particularly in favor of those advantageous to him and will get rid of those against his interests. This is the second difference between junzi and xiaoren.

4. Junzi is faithful and trustworthy, while xiaoren is just the opposite

  The third meaning of zhou and bi, is junzi is faithful and trustworthy, while xiaoren unreliable and unworthy to trust because he just want to protect his own interests.

5. Junzi follows the rule of righteous interest, xiaoren pinpoints on personal gains

  Here is the fourth meaning of zhou and bi, of the difference between a junzi and a xiaoren. A person of junzi personality fully respects the universal value of righteousness and would be considerate about others’ benefits; while xiaoren is totally pinpoints on his personal gains.