本集課程重點包括：

一、認識子路

      「由」 就是仲由 ，字子路 ，小孔子九歲，他是魯國人，孔門政事科弟子的代表，曾經做過季孫大夫的家臣，幫助孔子為官時治理魯國。孔子周遊列國，子路都是一路相隨，所以與孔子有深厚的革命情感，後來他死於衛國的內亂，為了保護孔悝大夫被斬成肉醬，孔子聽聞他的死訊，在庭院放聲大哭，十分哀傷，從此不吃肉醬。

二、博學、審問、慎思、明辨、篤行的知

       孔子教導子路，我所教你的，知道你就說知。此處的知，是廣博學習後的知，把問題問明白的知，謹慎思考各面向的知，清楚辨別界定的知，並且是在實踐中得到領悟的知。

三、不知則說不知

      對於事情表象、內涵、道理，如果不知道，就要說不知道，能夠真正表明自己的無知，才會就教於高明，這也是有智慧的人求取知的方法，如此才能真正懂得斷惡修善、趨利避害、趨吉避凶。

四、子路並沒有強不知以為知的毛病

      因為子路是聞過則喜之人，所以孔子如此教導子路，並不代表子路有這樣的毛病。

為政篇第十七章白話解釋

【經文】

子曰：由，誨女知之乎。知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。

【字詞解釋】

誨：ㄏㄨㄟˋ，教導。

女：ㄖㄨˇ，你。

知：本章知讀ㄓ，知道的意思；最後一個知字讀ㄓˋ，智的意思。

【白話解釋】

      仲由，字子路，魯國人，孔子弟子，少孔子九歲，曾任衛國大夫孔悝的邑宰，名列十哲的政事科。

      孔子說：子路，我教你的道理，你能知道嗎？你知道那些學問就說知道，不知道就說不知道，這就是有智慧。真正的真知，須經過博學、審問、慎思、明辨、篤行，方能得到。

【章旨】

      此章言孔子教子路知道是博學之知，還是審問之知，還是慎思之知，還是明辨之知，還是篤行之知，須虛心求知，不可強不知以為知。

《論語講要》原文

      孔子弟子，姓仲，名由，字子路。誨女，就是教汝。是知也，即：是智也。其餘知字皆作知道講。孔子呼子路之名曰：我教汝者，汝能知道乎。汝知則說為知，汝不知則說為不知，此是有智者也。

      孔子教子路之知，不作知識講，而是自心本有之知，是為真知。此須經過博學、審問、慎思、明辨、篤行，方能發出。

English

Teacher Tang Yuling will accompany you to read The Analects

34.Book 2 Wei Zheng (Of Governance), Chapter 17

The Master said, “You, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge.”

Highlights of this lecture include:

1. Be acquainted with Zi Lu

  Zhong You (仲由) was a native of Lu. His courtesy names were Zi Lu (子路) and Jilu (季路). He was nine years younger than Confucius. Among Confucius's disciples, he was the foremost in terms of ability and accomplishment in statesmanship. He took an official position as counselor for the Minister Jisun who was the head of a powerful noble clan that dominated the politics of Lu State. He also assisted the Master to administer Lu when Confucius came to be appointed and rose to the position of Minister of Crime. There was an incredible amount of camaraderie between Confucius and Zi Lu. When Confucius left Lu in self-exile, Zi Lu was one of the closest disciples who always there for the Master. He was once serve as senior official for Wei State Minister Kong Kui. Later, he was meshed to dead in a coup de’tat in Wei State when he rushed to Wei attempting to rescue Kong Kui who he had once served. When Confucius heard the news of Zi Lu’s death, the Master was absolutely devastated, wailed in the courtyard in deep grief. Confucius never again ate pate in memory of his ill-fated disciple’s violent death.    

2. Knowledge involves extensive study, accurate inquiry, careful reflection, clear discernment, and earnest practice

  The Master told Zi Lu: “When you know a thing, to hold that you know it.” That is when you know a thing, maintain that you know it. The “know” Confucius referred to is the attainment of true knowing and insight after extensive study, after clear-cut understanding of the problem at hand, after careful thought and reflection of different aspects, after clear discernment and after earnest practice.  

3. When you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it

  Regarding the appearance, connotation and truth of things, if you don’t know it, you say so, just acknowledge your ignorance, don’t deny it. Only when you really show your ignorance will you be taught to be clever. This is also the way for intelligent people to seek knowledge of true wisdom. True wisdom allows people to cultivate good against the bad; benefit people by avoiding harms, as well as draw lucks and put adversities away.

4. Zi Lu did not have the fault of confidence begot by ignorance

  Zi Lu was rejoiced over people’s criticism about his fault or wrongdoings. He would bow and say thank you to the commenters. The Master told Zi Lu about this chapter on the characteristic of true knowledge did not mean that Zi Lu was faulty in the way. Zi Lu did not pretend to know-it-all.