本集課程重點包括：

一、什麼叫做巧言、令色

巧言就是把說話說得很好聽，可能他很有分析的能力，有辦法顛倒黑白，會混淆視聽，為的是討好他人；令色就是顏色很好，但卻是諂媚的臉色，表裡不一，心中也是為了討好別人。

二、巧言令色為何鮮矣仁？

仁心是能為大家著想的心，巧言令色的背後，卻都是自私自利，這種人的仁心當然就很少了。

三、君子會有什麼樣的言語跟臉色？

君子的巧言是言語善巧而且本質實在；君子的顏色是和藹可親，〈季氏篇〉中說「色思溫」，子張篇中說「望之儼然，即之也溫」……等等，這些都是君子修養自己的方法。

學而篇第三章白話解釋

【經文】

有子曰：其為人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鮮矣；不好犯上，而好作亂者，未之有也。君子務本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其為仁之本與。

【字詞解釋】

巧言：善於辭令。

令色：以容貌取悅人。

鮮：ㄒㄧㄢˇ，少。

【白話解釋】

    孔子說：善於辭令、說話巧妙，喜歡以容貌取悅於人的人，這種人仁德很少。

【章旨】

    此章謂巧言令色之人少仁。鮮仁之人，難與共事。

《論語講要》原文

    此章謂巧言令色之人少仁。鮮仁之人，難與共事。

    巧言，善於辭令。令色，以容貌悅人。仁由本性而來。中庸云：「天命之謂性。」治國平天下，必須明性。性難明，必須學道。道仍難明，遂講德。德猶難明，遂講仁。仁从二人，人與人相處，須講厚道。巧言令色之人，仁厚既少，與言道德更難。學仁者多於此處省之。經文：「鮮矣仁。」鮮仁，是少仁。古注或說為無仁，則非經義。

【雪公講義】

    【考證】○孔子曰：君子有九思。今舉四端。以其為言與色，可為取法者。曰：色思溫，貌思恭，言思忠，事思敬。

    ○子夏曰：君子有三變。望之儼然，即之也溫，聽其言也厲。

    ○曲禮曰：儼若思，安定辭。

    ○又曰：禮不妄悅人，不辭費。

    【按】此四端皆言色之誠中形外，於人信而不欺。仁者人也，故不害仁，自無巧言令色之弊。再此章提出鮮仁之人，正與前章崇仁互映，或編者類聚有意。

English

Teacher Tang Yuling will accompany you to read The Analects

4 Book 1 Xue er, Chapter 3

Highlights of this lecture include:

1. What do fine words and insinuating countenance mean?

  Fine words mean too much flattery in speech. Such a flattering person may talk artfully and analytically, so persuasive that confound right and wrong; effusively to placate others.

  Insinuating countenance refers to an insincere person who wears contrived smile and flattering looks to please others.

2. Fine words and an insinuating countenance are seldom associated with true virtues.

  A person with a heart of "Ren" or benevolence is characterized by putting others first. Flatters and sycophantic looks of a person usually bears selfishness and treachery at the back side of his mind; he can hardly a virtuous person with a benevolent heart.

3. What will a virtuous man do in regard to his speech and countenance?

  A man of all virtues or a noble heart will speak ingeniously and truly, appearance is friendly and amiable. In Book 16 Ji-Shi: Confucius said, “In regard to his countenance, he is anxious that it should be benign." In Book 19, Zi-Zhang: Zi Xia said: “Look at from a distance, he appears stern; when approached, he is mild....” A superior man of all virtues will undergo these ways to cultivate himself.