本集課程重點包括：

一、本章是著名童蒙教材《弟子規》的綱領
     孔子所說的弟子，就是現代人所謂的學生，學生要從家庭裡的孝道開始學，可見盡孝道也要學習，否則怎麼知道面對父母要用什麼心態？照顧父母要有什麼做法？要如何讓父母親高興？孝這就是學習處理人際關係的第一步。

二、出則弟 就是創造家族的和諧，使自己懂得調和之道
     從家族裡面尊敬長輩開始，創造家族的和諧，出門在外，就能夠創造團體的和諧氣氛，成為一個調和鼎鼐的大才。

三、謹而信 談的是言行上的標準
     這樣的標準非常重要，一個人所說的話都能夠兌現，人家對他的信心就非常高，願意跟他合作，知道這個人是可靠的，事業在尋找接班人的時候，也都是交給可靠的人。懂得趨吉避凶的人才能謹慎，否則不知道哪邊該做、哪邊又不該做，就無法謹慎應對。

四、心態上的本質是 汎愛眾
     跟大眾相處能廣泛地愛他們，但做法上仍有差別，對善人、君子要親近，對小人惡人則要遠離，避免被小人傷害。因為本質是愛，別人會感受到誠意，所以這樣的人能夠化干戈為玉帛。 

五、親近仁人，是充實自己往上走的方法
     仁就是公心，並且能夠充實自己。親近這樣的人，學到他的內涵、胸懷、見識，各種做人處世的方法，可以讓自己快速的進步。

六、文質彬彬然後君子 
     「行有餘力，則以學文」，就是要在學文當中，講究盡孝、出弟、謹、信、愛眾、親仁這些本質，這樣的學文可以建立好的人格，拓展利人的胸懷並培養能力，發揮人的價值，就是儒家君子的形象。

學而篇第六章白話解釋

【經文】

子曰：弟子入則孝，出則弟，謹而信，汎愛眾，而親仁。行有餘力，則以學文。

【字詞解釋】

弟：音義同「悌」，敬重兄長，友愛兄弟。

【白話解釋】

    孔子說：求學的人學習必定有老師，因學習在老師之後故名弟，而學習從老師生故名子。所求的學問有先後次第：首先，以充實人格質地學問為本分，包括：一、弟子在家庭必須以愛敬孝養父母，令父母身心俱安，除了奉養父母，使父母歡樂外，尤以養心為重。二、出外求學，或作他事，則以在家敬重兄長，友愛兄弟方式，對待順從於有徳能及年長者。三、一切行為必須謹慎，且所言信實。四、與眾人交往，要有公德心，平等愛護眾人。五、交往關係有親有疏，要選擇有仁德的人來親近，親近善知識，遠離惡知識，親君子、遠小人。弟子求學，當先以此五事為本。有前五事的基礎後，有餘力再兼修豐富的學識，方成大器。

【章旨】

    孔子教人成為弟子的修學法。以德行為本，學識為末。先固其本，再求其末，即先求人格教育，後求豐富的學識。

《論語講要》原文

    弟子。求學之人，學必有師，故稱弟子。所求之學有其先後。孔子以四科施教，德行，言語，政事，文學。首為德育，先正其心也。後為文學，游於藝也。

    入則孝。此說在家庭必須孝養父母，身心俱安，而養心尤為重要，貧士菽水承歡，即是盡孝。

    出則弟。弟亦作悌。讀替音，又讀第音。出外求學，或作他事，則行弟道。皇疏：「善兄為悌。」邢疏：「弟，順也。」在家能孝，自能善事兄長，敬順兄長，以順親心。是謂之弟。出外，推此事兄之道，以待年長於己者是為出則弟。

    謹而信。行為謹慎，言而有信。竹氏會箋引周易乾文言：「庸言之信，庸行之謹。」以證信屬言，謹屬行。

    汎愛眾。博愛眾人也。與眾人交往，注重博愛，以養其平等容眾之德，是故老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。

    親仁。擇仁者而親近之。汎愛眾，無選擇。此從仁者學習，故須選擇。

    行有餘力二句。行是實行孝弟等五事。行此五事以外，即是餘力。弟子求學，當先以此五事為本。行此五事，非無餘力學文，是言學文先求其本，無本之文不可取。故云，行有餘力，則以學文。

    學文，馬融注：「文者，古之遺文。」邢昺疏：「注言古之遺文者，則詩書禮樂易春秋六經是也。」

【雪公講義】

    【考證】程子曰：弟子之職，力有餘則學文，不修其職而先文，非為己之學也。

　　張南軒曰：非謂行此數事有餘力而後學文也；言當以是數者為本，以其餘力學文也。

    【按】張語較程語義達，可遵也。陸隴其松陽講義，載於論語集釋，可參考之，則知今之教育與今之學風矣。

    （陸隴其松陽講義：大抵人之氣稟雖有不同，然亦差不多；只是從小便習壞了。氣稟不好的，固愈習愈壞，即氣稟好的，亦同歸於壞。童蒙之時，根腳既不曾正得，到得長大時，便如性成一般，即能回頭改悔，發憤自新，也費盡氣力；況改悔發憤者甚少，此人才所以日衰，皆由蒙養之道失也。後世為父兄者，有弟子而不教，固無論矣；即有能教者，又都從利祿起見，束髮受書，即便以利祿誘之，不期其為大聖大賢，而但願其享高官厚祿；這個念頭橫於胸中，念頭既差，工夫必不能精實，只求掩飾於外，可以悅人而已。教學如此，人才安得而不壞哉。為人父兄者，胡不一思，而甘使子弟為俗人也。）

English

Teacher Tang Yuling will accompany you to read The Analects 

7.Book 1 Xue Er (On Learning), Chapter 6

Highlights of this lecture include:
1. This chapter is the lead of the well-known children’s literature “Di Zi Gui” (or Students’ Rules)
  Disciples and followers of Confucius are referred to “students” nowadays. Family is the breeding ground for the younger generation. Before reaching for formal education, practicing filial piety at home is the first step taken towards handling proper interpersonal relationship later on. A young one will learn to develop the right mentality in the company of parents and the ability to find ways to achieve good and happy parental care.

2. Worldwide practice of brotherly love: Fulfilling filial harmony sustains a growing ability in successful human relationship
  Fulfilling filial duty and be respectful to elders in extended families are essential and the starting point for pleasant familial relations. With such training, one can also facilitate harmony in groups thus to allow the cultivation of one’s leadership qualities and skills.

3. “To be earnest and truthful” are standards on words and deeds
  The standards are especially crucial to earn one’s creditability. As one’s trustworthiness is proved, others will draw to him, willing to work with and rely on him. A reliable person can be a good choice as being a career successor. Superior persons on high positions would like their successors to be earnest and truthful in character, knowing how to ward off adversities and pave with good luck. In response to different situations, an earnest person who has a ruler in mind, would know how to act or oughtn’t to act.

4. The key mental nature is universal-love
  Love can be universal though there are difference in degrees and relations. One can get close to good and virtuous gentlemen; and stay away from villains and wicked people to avoid being hurt by them. As long as the nature of his rationale is based on universal love, his sincerity can be felt even confronting aggressiveness of other. He can able to turn war into peace, hostility into friendship.

5. Follow close to people of “Ren,” is a way to learn fast
  A man of “Ren” always has a keen mind on public good and interests, loves to learn more with diligence and attention. To cultivate friendship with the man of “ren,” follow him closely to observe, apprehend and appreciate his ability to counsel; his judgement and disposition of business, and in marshaling of affairs. By staying close to very learned friends, learners can make big progresses fast.

6. To refine one’s manner and literary quality to become a gentleman of all virtues
  “When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these [abovementioned] things, he should employ them in polite studies [to become a true gentleman].” That is, in literary and artistic studies, one has to inherently theme after the concepts of filial piety, brotherhood, earnestness, truthfulness, universal love, and stay close to virtuous friends. By doing so, we can establish a good personality, expand the mind of altruism, and develop abilities to make us the best of being human. This is the ideal typical image of a gentleman with complete virtue in Confucianism.